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Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill (died 1075),〔Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005); Beuermann (2002).〕 also known in Gaelic as Gofraid mac Amlaim meic Ragnaill,〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005); Oram (2000).〕 Goffraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill,〔Candon (1991).〕 Gofraid ua Ragnaill,〔Duffy (2006); Ó Corráin (n.d.).〕 in Old Norse as Guðrøðr Óláfsson,〔Downham (2004).〕 and in English as Godfrey Olafsson,〔Hudson, B (2006).〕 was a late eleventh-century King of Dublin. Although the precise identities of his father and grandfather are uncertain, Gofraid was probably a member of the Norse-Gaelic Meic Ragnaill, an apparent branch of the Uí Ímair. As such, Gofraid was likely a kinsman of his royal predecessor, Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Dublin and the Isles. Gofraid lived in an era when control of the Kingdom of Dublin was fought over by competing Irish overlords. In 1052, for example, Echmarcach was forced from the kingdom by the Uí Chennselaig King of Leinster, Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó. When the latter died in 1072, Dublin was seized by the Uí Briain King of Munster, Toirdelbach Ua Briain, a man who either handed the Dublin kingship over to Gofraid, or at least consented to Gofraid's local rule. Gofraid appears to have had little independence from his Uí Briain overlord, as evidence by surviving correspondence between him, Toirdelbach, and Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury. Gofraid's reign came to an end in 1075, when Toirdelbach drove him overseas from Ireland, perhaps to the Kingdom of the Isles, after which he died within the year. On one hand, it is possible that Gofraid was ejected for involving himself in the Anglo-Danish insurrection against the recently established Norman regime of the Kingdom of England. On the other hand, another possibility is that Gofraid was plotting with the Uí Chennselaig against their Uí Briain overlords. Whatever the case, Gofraid was succeeded in Dublin by Domnall mac Murchada, an Uí Chennselaig dynast. Whether the later ruled with Toirdelbach's consent is likewise uncertain. There is reason to suspect that Gofraid may be identical to Gofraid mac Sitriuc, King of the Isles. ==Background== Gofraid was likely a member of the Meic Ragnaill,〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 232.〕 and a close kinsman of Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Dublin and the Isles (died 1064/1065).〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 232.〕 In the eleventh- and twelfth-centuries, four candidates to the high-kingship of Ireland managed to gain control of the Kingdom of Dublin, and appoint their intended heirs as its rulers. In effect, control of this Norse-Gaelic coastal kingdom, and the exploitation of its military strength and remarkable wealth, had become a prerequisite for any Irish ruler wishing to stake a claim to the high-kingship.〔Ó Corráin (2001) p. 26; Duffy (1992).〕 In 1052, Echmarcach was driven overseas from Ireland by Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó, King of Leinster (died 1072), who thereupon assumed the kingship of Dublin.〔Hudson, BT (2004); Duffy (2002) p. 53; Duffy (1992) p. 94.〕 For the next twenty years, Diarmait controlled the realm,〔Duffy (1993) p. 13.〕 and the town itself served as his capital.〔Duffy (2009) p. 291.〕 About ten years after Diarmait's victory in Dublin, Echmarcach apparently fell prey to Diarmait again, as Mann was raided by Diarmait's son, Murchad (died 1070), who received tribute from a defeated "''mac Ragnaill''", perhaps Echmarcach himself.〔Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Hudson, BT (2004); Duffy (2002) p. 54; Duffy (1993) p. 14; Duffy (1992) p. 100.〕 Echmarcach eventually died in Rome, in 1064〔Downham (2007) p. 193 fig. 12; Duffy (2006) p. 57.〕 or 1065.〔Duffy (2006) pp. 53, 57; Hudson, BT (2005) pp. 129, 130 fig. 4.〕 On his death, the contemporary chronicler Marianus Scotus (died 1082) described him in Latin as "''rex Innarenn''",〔Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson, BT (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99; Anderson (1922a) pp. 590–592 n. 2; Waitz (1844) p. 559.〕 a title that could either mean "King of the Isles",〔Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57.〕 or "King of the Rhinns".〔Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 573; Flanagan (2010) p. 231 n. 196; Downham (2007) p. 171; Duffy (2006) pp. 56–57; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 229; Hudson, BT (2005) pp. 129, 138; Duffy (2002) pp. 53–54; Etchingham (2001) p. 160; Oram (2000) p. 17; Duffy (1992) pp. 98–99.〕 If it represents the latter, it could be evidence that Echmarcach's once expansive sea-kingdom had gradually eroded to territory in Galloway only.〔Woolf (2007) p. 245; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 143; Duffy (1992) p. 100.〕 On Diarmait's unexpected death in 1072, Toirdelbach Ua Briain, King of Munster (died 1086) gained overlordship of Leinster,〔Duffy (1992) pp. 101–102.〕 and took control of Dublin.〔Bracken (2004b); Hudson, BT (2004); Duffy (2002) p. 54; Duffy (1993) pp. 14–15; Duffy (1992) p. 101.〕 The ''Annals of Inisfallen'' claims that the kingship of Dublin was offered to Toirdelbach by the Dubliners.〔''Annals of Inisfallen'' (2010) § 1072.4; ''Annals of Inisfallen'' (2008) § 1072.4; Duffy (2002) p. 54; Duffy (1992) p. 102.〕 Although this record may be mere Uí Briain propaganda, it could instead be evidence of the Dubliners' preference for a distant overlord from Munster rather than one from neighbouring Leinster.〔Duffy (1992) p. 101.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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